Peyton Phillips By forcefully embedding two silicon atoms in a diamond matrix, Sandia researchers have demonstrated for the first time on a single chip all the components needed to create a quantum bridge to link quantum computers together.
What Does This Mean? First, a Quantum Computer bridge is something that has the ability to link quantum computers together. Sandia researcher Ryan Comacho explains that the first quantum computer may not be one large unit, but "a group of smaller ones" all connected. This would also allow various forms of quantum sensing, since this bridge would allow all of the atoms in the network to have the ability to act as one single atom.
How is This Possible?
Researchers at Sandia have teamed up with scientists from Harvard University to make this plan a reality. They used a focused ion beam implanter for blasting single ions into precise locations on a diamond substrate. The researchers then used the implanter to replace one of the carbon diamond atoms with a larger silicon atom. These silicon atoms would force the carbon atoms to evacuate. This then leaves the silicon atoms alone in space. Even though these silicons are in solids, they act as though they are in a gas. These particles have no other molecules to interfere with them, so they are able to freely transfer the quantum information.
Recently, a video was posted on the internet showing a man jumping off an 8-story building into Newport Harbor, California. In the video we see that the man needs to clear two docks in order to safely land in the water buy jumping out a certain distance. As you can infer, this physics question is a real-life example of what we have done in class.
This real-life example represents projectile motion with the addition of the use of a kinematic equation. The man needed to jump over two docks at the base of the building in order to safely land into the water. The following image is a diagram of the persons path of motion in the jump.
(Diagram: Rhett Allain)
The two motions that appear in this circumstance are horizontal motion (x) and vertical motion (y) as a one-dimensional kinematic problem. The gravitation force pulling the man down as he jumps off the building is 9.8 m/s^2 or 32 ft/s^2. The final y value, the water level, is equal to 0, and the initial y value is 129 (129 ft.). The initial y velocity of the man is 0 since he jumped out and not upward. The following kinematic equation can be used to represent the vertical motion with a constant acceleration:
Next, you plug in the values for the starting and ending position, and the initial y velocity to solve for the time.
The following expression can be used for the horizontal (x) motion. There are no horizontal forces on the man, therefor the acceleration here is 0.
Since the acceleration is 0 and we are trying to solve for the starting x value, the following equation can be used to represent the magnitude of the initial velocity vector.
Next, substitute the expression for time, making the horizontal distance traveled be represented in this formula:
Based upon this article and the authors research (Google Maps), the horizontal distance from the initial point to the ending point is approximately 7.4 meters. The height of the building is 129 feet or 39.3 meters, therefor these values can be plugged into the equation the calculate the man's launch speed.
The launch speed comes out to be 2.6 meters per second, or 5.8 miles per hour.
In order to calculate the total air time that the man experienced, the following equation is used.
39.3 = 1/2(9.8)t^2 + 2.6t
39.3 = 4.9t^2 + 2.6t
0 = 4.9t^2 + 2.6t - 39.3
solve for t
t = -3.11, 2.57
Time cannot be negative, therefor the airtime is approximately 2.57 seconds. If you start the video from the time that the man jumps off the building to the impact of the water, it is roughly 3 seconds due to human reaction time. This equation neglects the drag that air causes, however.
Lastly, in order to calculate the final velocity of the man just before his impact with the water, plug the values into the following equation:
x = 2.6 + 9.8(2.57)
x = 2.6 + 25.18
x = 27.78
final velocity = 27.78 m/s
Now, we have a value for each comment of the man's jump into the harbor.
Dr. Jimmy Irwin, UA associate professor of physics and astronomy detected several occasions of massive flares of energy in X-ray binary stars in two separate galaxies. These flares in energy are unlike anything scientists have ever seen before. Most galaxies collapse and are destroyed when experiencing this amount of energy resulting in a supernova or large gamma ray bursts. But these galaxies are doing something quite different. The two stars flare to the verge of exploding, only to simmer to baseline energy in an hour. They repeat the process every few days. Dr. Irwin explains, "We've seen this kind of huge variability where there's an energy uplift of 100 in less than a minute, but the object is usually destroyed," Irwin said. "Whatever these objects are -- we don't know just yet -- there's some sort of undiscovered mechanism by which compact objects can accrete matter from a companion star."
Chandra X-Ray Observatory
There are many different theories on what could be happening here. Some think it's a black hole, others thing it's a neutron star, whatever it is, it has been confirmed to be so rare, that no sign of one has been ever reported in our galaxy. Irwin states that the flares have been occurring in globular clusters which implies that it could possibly be a neutron star or an intermediate black hole. "It's possible that it's a somewhat larger intermediate mass black hole, tens of thousands times more massive than our sun," Whatever it is, scientists have never seen anything like this, Irwin and his team are currently studying the flares and trying to predict a pattern or sequence in which they happen so they can be easily studied. Once that happens, we will be able to learn what makes these things happen.
King tides are not a real scientific term but they refer to tides that are especially high, because of the alignment of the earth, sun, and the moon. A “King” tide is the highest predicted high tide of the year at any specific location. King tides are also called Perigean Spring tides. A Perigean Spring tide occurs when the moon is new or full, and closest to the earth. These tides can cause major flooding issues and need to be monitored carefully. When these tides occur concurrently with other weather incidences such as storms or high winds, major flooding has been documented. Recently major flooding on Florida ‘s east coast occurred when a King tide combined with strong winds from an offshore hurricane Nicole. West Palm Beach, Delray Beach, Fort Lauderdale and Boca Raton were all effected by unusually high tides causing street flooding, business closings and beach erosion.
How do they work?
The gravitational pull of the moon and the sun causes the ocean tides. Tides are long period waves that roll around the planet as the ocean is pulled by the gravitational forces. The gravitational pull is stronger when the moon and the sun are closest to the Earth. This increase in gravitational pull will result in higher tides. The moon plays a stronger role that the sun because it is closer to the Earth. The moon’s gravitational pull is therefore twice as strong as the sun’s. During a Full or New Moon, when the Earth, sun and moon, are in alignment, the gravitational pull of the sun is added to the gravitational pull of the moon. This increase in gravitational pull causes the oceans to bulge, and therefore the tides are more pronounced. These are called Spring Tides. When the moon is at its closest point to the Earth it is called a Perigee. This occurs once every 28 days. Because the moon is closest to the Earth at these points the gravitational pull is slightly stronger on the ocean. This creates slightly more pronounced tides.Several times a year, a Full or New Moon will coincide with a Perigee. During these times the increased gravitational pull caused by the combination of the two occurrences causes the tides to become even more pronounced, which can be 2 to 6 inches higher, or lower, than average tides.
Why are they important?
When these tides occur concurrently with other weather incidences such as storms or high winds, major flooding often occurs. King tide have cause many problems for costal regions.
Over time, scientists have acquired knowledge and evidence to support the four fundamental forces: gravitation, electromagnetic, strong nuclear, and weak nuclear forces. These forces are the basis for our understanding of everything around us. Without these forces of nature, us and all other matter in our universe would simply fall apart.
However, recent discoveries and experiments have raised the possibility of a fifth fundamental force of nature. In 2015, a group of physicists from the Institute for Nuclear Research in Hungary came across an fascinating unexplainable anomaly. This team was searching for dark photons, or particles believed to carry dark matter. Today, scientists are aware that dark matter exists in our universe and makes up 27 percent of our universe. Nevertheless, knowledge on the subject of dark matter or dark energy is still to be enhanced.
While searching for dark photons, the group of physicists uncovered an anomaly, or "something that deviates from what is standard, normal, or expected". This anomaly couldn't be fully explained by any of the other four fundamental forces of nature, leading them to their theory of a fifth possible force. The team discovered a new particle formed from a decayed particle. They hypothesized that this particle carried a force, and could therefore be a unknown "boson".
Over the past year, experiments done by researchers and scientists from the University of California have further supported this rising theory, but there still isn't enough evidence to say any for sure yet. They hypothesized that "while the normal electric force acts on electric force acts one electron and protons, this newfound boson interacts only with electrons and neutron- and at an extremely limited range". This new breakthrough could lead to a better understanding our of universe and life outside our world. Although this may seem like the pathway to a whole other field of understanding, it is still just a theory in progress, one that must be proved before we jump to any conclusions.
So basically, the great attractor is a force of about 600 km/Sec pulling us away from the earth. The concentration of mass is about ten thousands times more massive than the milky way. It's located approximately 150 to 250 million light years. That's the reason we don't fly off this planet. The Great Attractor can has an effect of pulling every objet within ONE MILLION LIGHT YEARS away! It's mass is so big that the force of gravity is just enormous. We are not able to see it because the plane of our universe in blocking its radiation.
This is the a picture of the region of the sky where the great attractor is located.
Fun Fact:Currently, there’s one super cluster known as Shapley Supercluster which is millions of times massive than our milky way galaxy. (1000 times bigger than the Great Attractor)
A physical Phenomenon produced by the motion of electric charge, resulting in attractive and repulsive forces between two objects .
The moving electrical charges within an object creates a magnetic field, which exerts a magnetic force on charged particles that move within that field. This magnetic field flows from on end of the object to the other, creating a dipole with positive and negative ends.
Essentially, the magnetism of an object arises from the structure of the atom, which consists of positive protons and neutral neutrons, surrounded by negatively flowing electrons. This motion causes the magnetic field discussed above. Some objects have different strengths in magnetism due tot heir strong or weak mobility of electrons.
For example....
Iron has a strong magnetic field because the electrons are freely flowing around the nucleus.
Aluminum has tightly packed around the nucleus and therefore exudes weak magnetic fields.
Earths Magnetic Field
Also known as the geomagnetic field, the earth's magnetic field extends from the Earths interior out into space, where it interacts with solar wind a stream of charged particles emanating from the sun.
The Earths magnetic field is attributed to a dynamo effect of circulating electric current, but it is not constant in direction.
The Dynamo Affect: Convention drives the outer-core fluid and it circulates relative to the earth. This means the electrically conducting material moves relative to the earth's magnetic field. If it can obtain a charge by some interaction like friction between layers, an effective current loop could be produced. The magnetic field of a current loop could sustain the magnetic dipole type magnetic field of the earth. Large-scale computer models are approaching a realistic simulation of such a geodynamo.
