Magnetism, Craig Kelleher

Magnetism 

                 A physical Phenomenon produced by the motion of electric charge, resulting in attractive and repulsive forces between two objects .

The moving electrical charges within an object creates a magnetic field, which exerts a magnetic force on charged particles that move within that field. This magnetic field flows from on end of the object to the other, creating a dipole with positive and negative ends. 

Essentially, the magnetism of an object arises from the structure of the atom, which consists of positive protons and neutral neutrons, surrounded by negatively flowing electrons. This motion causes the magnetic field discussed above. Some objects have different strengths in magnetism due tot heir strong or weak mobility of electrons. 

For example....

• Iron has a strong magnetic field because the electrons are freely flowing around the nucleus. 
• Aluminum has tightly packed around the nucleus and therefore exudes weak magnetic fields. 

Earths Magnetic Field

Also known as the geomagnetic field, the earth's magnetic field extends from the Earths interior out into space, where it interacts with solar wind a stream of charged particles emanating from the sun.

The Earths magnetic field is attributed to a dynamo effect of circulating electric current, but it is not constant in direction.

• The Dynamo Affect: Convention drives the outer-core fluid and it circulates relative to the earth. This means the electrically conducting material moves relative to the earth's magnetic field. If it can obtain a charge by some interaction like friction between layers, an effective current loop could be produced. The magnetic field of a current loop could sustain the magnetic dipole type magnetic field of the earth. Large-scale computer models are approaching a realistic simulation of such a geodynamo.